一直以来，我都想开发一款类似Simulink的方框图计算软件。这种软件可以方便的对一些线性系统进行建模，从而分析出一个复杂系统对内和对外的输入输出以及调节机制。在Matlab之中，主要用于实现模型的都是一些固定功能的功能模块，当然，他也支持一种用户自定义的用Matlab语言进行编写的自由模块。Matlab设计的是Simulink模式，而对于我所设计的Realsim软件来说，我期待所有模块都可以由用户来定义，最终通过源代码的方式发布一系列的原配功能模型，以实现Matlab的功能化对齐。
Matlab所采用的M语言本身，过于贴近Fortran的思维方式，经过多年的使用经历，作为C系语言的开发者来说，采用C/C++一类的思维模式当然是最好的，同时需要针对具体情况具体分析。从本质上来讲，我设计Realsim本意并非简单的复制一个Simulink，在Matlab之中，M语言自始至终都是考虑为控制台编写运行脚本提供服务，而并非面向Simulink的功能化模块。
Realsim所采用的语言，按照我的思路，应该仅仅是面向Realsim的功能化模块的，无需考虑控制台的各种功能。而对于模块来说，如果我们把它想象为一个封闭黑箱系统，那么它对外只是一些输入和输出（单数、向量、矩阵），所以必须考虑对C系语言扩展到全数据类型的支持，因而下面我们做两部分工作：
-
第一，对词法进行定义
- 首先，定义内嵌功能名（分隔、运算、逻辑、循环、分支、返回）
- 其次，定义数字型词法（整数、小数）
- 第三，定义定义名词法（函数、变量名）
因而按照如下定义：
内嵌功能：,, ;, (, ), [, ], {, },
+, -, *, /, %, ^, <, >, =, !, &&, ||,
+=, -=, *=, /=, %=, ^=, <=, >=, ==, !=, &=, |=,
if, else, break, for, switch, case, do, while, return, null (共计32种符号，42种状态，其中null为0X0矩阵，意味着内容为空)
数字类型：[0-9]+, [0-9]+.[0-9]* (共计两个状态)
定义名称：[_a-zA-Z][_a-zA-Z0-9]* (共计一个状态)
有了以上的词法定义，我们就可以开发词法器了。按照传统的方式，我们采用自动机来完成这部分的开发，当然，首先需要我们设计一个状态表。现在我来设计这样的状态表，它是个二维矩阵，状态表默认值初始化为0，横向宽256，代表当前符号类型（ASCII），纵向高42，分别代表当下状态类型。在一种状态下遇到某一条件符号，则会进入相应的新状态，最终得到结果状态后，则跳转返回最终值。跳出条件为，状态最高位0x80设置为1。
代码如下：
// 各种词法状态
#define ST_INITIAL 0x00;
#define ST_COMMA 0x80;
#define ST_SEMICOLON 0x81;
#define ST_LEFT_PARENTHESES 0x82;
#define ST_RIGHT_PARENTHESES 0x83;
...
struct CLexer
{
unsigned char m_nTable[45][256];
Lexer() {
// 初始化状态表
for(int i = 0; i < 45; i++)
for(int j = 0; j < 256; j++)
m_nTable[i][j] = ST_INITIAL;
// 对状态跳转进行编程
m_nTable[0][','] = ST_COMMA;
m_nTable[0][';'] = ST_SEMICOLON;
m_nTable[0]['('] = ST_LEFT_PARENTHESES;
m_nTable[0][')'] = ST_RIGHT_PARENTHESES;
...
}
int Process(CSource *src) {
unsigned char nStatus = 0;
while (!(nStatus & 0x80)) {
nStatus = m_nTable[nStatus][src->text[src->index++]];
}
return nStatus;
}
};
-
第二，对数据类型进行改造和扩展。
- 首先，Realsim语言之中，仅保留浮点型变量，去除字符型变量与整形变量、指针的支持。
- 其次，每一个变量全都以矩阵实现，默认用于计数和控制的变量为1X1矩阵。
- 第三，变量有默认的查询函数，和取数据功能。
这样我们得到如下的范例：
a = 1; // 赋值，直接赋予单数，数字默认为double浮点型
a = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}}; // 赋值，采用C语言标准来实现，摒弃M语言面向数学家的方式
b = a[2][3]; // 取值，取后b自动初始化为相应尺寸，当前结果为1X1单数
b = a[]; // 查询，获取a矩阵尺寸，结果为1X2向量，表达a的高、宽值
（未完待续）
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